Although the use of computers and the internet has increased dramatically around the world, not much is known or understood by many users about the technology, infrastructure and working components of these new innovations. FOr example: Most people think that the Internet and the (WWW) World Wide Web are the same thing. Actually, there is a difference. The Internet is a network of powerful computers around the world interconnected together that can receive and transmit information from each other.
The World Wide Web is a variety of Html documents in files residing on the internet that can be accessed via a (URL) Uniform Resources Locator that locates Web servers and files. The first part of the URL is a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http://) or "Schema" used for communications between browsers and web servers. The next part is the (server) computer on the internet where the files are located. The last part of the schema is the name of the resources (file) to be fetched. There is also another term called (URI) which is an acronym for Uniform Resource Indicator. Practically, a URI and a URL is the same thing. They are both used to perform the same function; that is, they identify and locate the same resource on the web.
Computers use a set of programing scripting and markup languages to perform many tasks and functions. The language most computers find easy to understand are Basic C and Java which are compiled powerful and complex languages. Html/Xhtml are more simple computer language mostly used to markup the structure of complex text documents and most webpages for use on a local intranet or the WWW on the Internet. The Computer also uses a variety of technology oriented scripting and programing languages like Javascript, CGI, VBScript, ActiveX, and PHP that perform allot of the interactive and dynamic functions on most computers.
(Standard Generalized Markup Language) SGML is a precursor of (GML) General Markup Language. GML was introduced in the 1960s by Charles Gold-fab, Raymond Lari and Edward Mosher working at IBM. The purpose of Sgml was to help organize the large amount of data and documentation that the company was producing. Html, Xhtml and Xml are all children of standard generalized markup language.
In 1986, Tim Berners-Lee created (HTML) Hypertext Markup Language as a subset of SGML by using the rules of Sgml to create the tags used in html documents. The original purpose of Html was to transfer and display scientific data on local intranet. It had a definite structure that allowed the scientific community to view, reference and easily share information on separate computers via Hyper text transfer protocol. Hypertext originally meant text stored in electronic format with cross-reference links between documents. Today it is used in a broader capacity to link to almost anything, including videos, images, audio and other objects on the web.
XHTML is more than Html and there are some basic difference in writing Xhtml and Html. Xhtml is an extensible markup language that uses the syntax and rules of XML. This makes XHTML far more restrictive than Html, for it does not allow you to bend or break the (syntax) rules governing the document markup method and its specifications. (XHTML) is an acronym for Hypertext Extensible Markup language which can be extended with modules that can do complex mathematical calculations and even draw graphical images. In simple terms, Xhtml is a new version of Html that's more compliant with the strict rules of XML. Find more information at the 24-Hour Html cafe on using Html and Xhtml.
CSS is an acronym for describing Cascading Style Sheets. It is a modern programing specification and formatting technology for advanced website designs layout. Css is a powerful advanced internet technology used for setting the available styles found in almost all word processors. You can use one Cascading Style Sheet to control the appearance of html tags on a single webpage or across an entire website. CSS real power and usefulness come from its ability to interpret, mix and match different rules from any style sheet located on the web. ^
XML (Extensible Markup Language) was created as a subset of Sgml. It's actually a lighter or modified version of SGML. Today, Xml is the new standard that any markup language must adhere to. It is a general markup language, or, we can call it "the Father of all languages" that can be used to describe other markup languages including Html.
Xml is not entirely about webpages, it is much more than the web. Webpages written in Xhtml can easily interact with Xml which can be used to represent any kind of information on all types of computers, hand held devices and cellphones. In order for webmasters to fully exploit these capabilities when writing Html webpages, the W3C once again provided a new and lighter version of html, called XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language).
Javascript is an interpreted programing language that can be used to add interactivity and dynamic functions to webpages. It is common to find web developers referring to Javascript as a scripting language based on the assumption it is easier to script than program. The distinction hardly make and difference, but could vary depending on who you ask. One thing that's very clear, Javascript is a Client-side language built to work directly on your machine. Javascript was created by Netscape in 1995 as the first Web scripting language called LiveScript. It was soon to be called JavaScript based on its business marketing relationship with Java. Since then, Javascript have become the most popular and widely used script for executing programed commands on webpages viewed in a web browse.
Java and Javascript are not the same. They actually don't have much in common, and practically nothing to do with each other. Java was created and developed by Sun Microsystems as a full-featured programing language capable of creating complete applications that control most modern electronic devices. Java is actually a descendant of the C and C++ programing Languages. It was designed to function as a cross-platform programing language that provide programmers with the ability to write a Java program that works on any type of machine runing Windows, Mac OS, or Unix. The full potential of Java is yet to be realized due to the complexities involved in its implementation.
PHP is a scripting language application that emerged in 1994 as a new markup option for building web pages and performing other server side functions. The original meaning of PHP was Personal Home Page. Further development and improvement of the script capabilities led to it's wide spread use and popularity amongst web designers and developers today. The utilization of PHP in a professional capacity gave way to a new definition called Hypertext Processor. The New PHP definition allude to the task of phasing and processing data before it is displayed as Html. More hypertext processor resources can be found at the "Zen" the site of php core creators.
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